9 класс. Английский язык. Особенности использования модального глагола Must и его эквивалентов
9 класс. Английский язык. Особенности использования модального глагола Must и его эквивалентов
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Модальные глаголы, выражающие запрет
When we talk about prohibition (запрет на совершение действия), we mean that something is not allowed, something is forbidden. The main verbs expressing prohibition are:
mustn’t,
can’t;
may not.
Модальный глагол must для передачи запрета
Must is a modal auxiliary verb followed by an infinitive without “to”.
Negative structure is formed by adding “not”: subject + must not/mustn’t + main verb (infinitive without to). (см. рис. 1)
Пример:
You must not arrive late.
Рис. 1. Negative structure (Источник)
The prohibition can be:
subjective (the speaker’s opinion);
objective (a real law or rule).
Пример:
I mustn’t eat so much sugar. (subjective)
You mustn’t watch so much television. (subjective)
Students must not leave bicycles here. (objective)
Policemen must not drink on duty. (objective)
We can you mustn’t to talk about the present or the future.
Пример:
Visitors must not smoke. (present)
I mustn’t forget about Tara’s birthday. (future)
We cannot use mustn’t to talk about the past. We use the structure to be not allowed to.
Пример:
We were not allowed to enter.
I wasn’t allowed to park here.
Unlike mustn’t, to be not allowed to can be used in all tenses.
Пример:
I am not allowed to see them. (present) – Мне не разрешено видеться с ними.
He won’t be allowed to do it. (future) – Ему не разрешат сделать это.
They were not allowed to stay there. (past) – Им не разрешили остаться там.
Sometimes we use the structure must not + have + past participle to express a present prohibition which relates to the past (запрещение, имеющее отношение к прошлому).
Пример:
To participate in the exchange programme, students mustn’t have visited the USA within the last year.
Mustn’t и don’t have to
В отличие от утвердительных форм глаголов must и have to, которые могут быть взаимозаменяемыми, отрицательные формы mustn’t и don’t have to несут совершенно разный смысл.
Пример:
You mustn’t go. = You can’t go. It’s prohibited. – Тебе нельзя идти.
You don’t have to go. = You can go if you want, but it’s not obligatory/necessary. – Тебе не обязательно идти.
You mustn’t drive along this street. – It’s prohibited, against the law. – Движение по этой улице запрещено.
You don’t have to drive – we can get a train. = You can drive if you want to but it’s not necessary/obligatory. – Тебе не обязательно садиться за руль – мы можем поехать на поезде.
Упражнение 1
Complete the sentences with mustn’t or don’t have to.
1. It is forbidden. You do that.
2. You ask my permission. You can do what you want.
3. You speak to the driver when the bus is moving. It’s dangerous.
4. Help yourself to anything you want. You ask.
5. You _____________ park here. There is a double yellow line.
6. Pay me back when you can. You ___________ do it immediately.
Ответы к упражнению:
1. Mustn’t
2. Don’t have to
3. Mustn’t
4. Don’t have to
5. Mustn’t
6. Don’t have to
Задания повышенной сложности
Complete the sentences with mustn’t or don’t have to.
1. It’s optional. We ___________ go if you don’t want to.
2. Whatever you do, you ___________ click with the right mouse button or the program will crash.
3. I’ll tell you a secret. You ____________ tell anybody else. Promise?
4. Be on time. You ___________ be late or we will leave without you.
5. He’s a millionaire. He ____________ work but he does because he enjoys it.
6. I like Saturdays because I ___________ go to work.
7. This is very important. You ____________ forget what I said.
8. It’s very informal here. You ___________ wear a tie unless you want to.
9. The train is direct. You ____________ change trains.
10. In boxing, you ____________ hit your opponent below the belt.
11. I ____________ wear a suit at work on Fridays. It’s “dressing down day”.
12. In athletics, you _________ start before the gun is fired.
13. In the game of bridge, you ___________ look at other people’s cards.
Ответы:
1. Don’t have to
2. Mustn’t
3. Mustn’t
4. Mustn’t
5. Doesn’t have to
6. Don’t have to
7. Mustn’t
8. Don’t have to
9. Don’t have to
10. Mustn’t
11. Don’t have to
12. Mustn’t
13. Mustn’t
ИСТОЧНИКИ
http://interneturok.ru/ru/school/english/9-klass/tretya-chetvert/modal-verbs-expressing-prohibition?seconds=0
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