8 класс. Английский язык. Косвенная речь. Reported Speech

Комментарии преподавателя

Кос­вен­ная речь может быть пред­став­ле­на кос­вен­ны­ми утвер­жде­ни­я­ми, во­про­са­ми, при­ка­за­ми и прось­ба­ми.

Reported speech can be given in reported statements, reported questions, orders and requests.

На этом уроке вы по­зна­ко­ми­тесь с кос­вен­ны­ми утвер­жде­ни­я­ми. Reported statements.

По­втор пра­ви­ла со­гла­со­ва­ния вре­мен и из­ме­не­ние на­ре­чий вре­ме­ни

Если вы пе­ре­ска­зы­ва­е­те чьи-то слова, об­ра­ти­те вни­ма­ние на три пунк­та, ко­то­рые, ве­ро­ят­нее всего, вам при­дет­ся из­ме­нить:

Эти из­ме­не­ния про­ис­хо­дят в со­от­вет­ствии с пра­ви­лом со­гла­со­ва­ния вре­мен (Sequence of Tenses Rule) и ло­ги­кой по­вест­во­ва­ния.

• verb tense ( backshift) (гла­голь­ная форма)
• adverbs of time and place/demonstrative pronouns (на­ре­чия вре­ме­ни и места/ука­за­тель­ные ме­сто­име­ния)
• pronouns (ме­сто­име­ния)

David said, “I saw her yesterday.” – David said he had seen her the day before.

They said, “We are not eating now.” – They said they were eating then.

Change in tenses (backshift)

Direct speech	Reported speech
Present Simple My friend said, “I want to go to England.”	Past Simple My friend said that he wanted to go to England.
Present Continuous He said, “She is playing tennis.”	PastContinuous He said that she was playing tennis.
Present Perfect He said, “You haven't told us the truth.”	Past Perfect He said that she hadn't told them the truth.
Present Perfect Continuous She said, “I have been working all morning.”	Past Perfect Continuous She said that she had been working all morning.
Past Simple She said, “Dan left for Moscow yesterday.”	Past Perfect He said that Dan had left for Moscow the day before.
Past Continuous He said, “She was walking alone.”	Past perfect Continuous  He said that she was walking alone.
Past Perfect He said, “She had painted the house.”	Past Perfect He said that she had painted the house.
Future Simple (will) He said, “It will snow.”	Future-in-the-Past (would) He said that it would snow.
Can She said, “I can read English books without a dictionary.”	Could She said she could read English books without a dictionary.”

Change in adverbs of place and time and demonstrative pronouns.

Direct speech	Reported speech
today	(on) that day
this morning/ afternoon/tonight	that morning/ afternoon/ that night
now	then
tomorrow	the following day/ the next day
next week/ month	the following week/ month
in a few days	a few days later
yesterday	the day before
last week/ month/year	the week/ month/year before
5 minutes/three days / a week ago	5 minutes/ three days / a week before
here	there
this	that
these	those

 

Say/tell

Хо­ро­шо, что в ан­глий­ском языке много гла­го­лов, ко­то­рые по­мо­га­ют пе­ре­да­вать чьи-то слова, иначе речь зву­ча­ла бы скуч­но: Она ска­за­ла…, он ска­зал….(She/he/they SAID ...)

Такие гла­го­лы со­об­ще­ния по­мо­га­ют точ­нее вы­ра­зить, что че­ло­век чув­ству­ет, его точку зре­ния или что ду­ма­ет го­во­ря­щий o чьих-то сло­вах.

Чтобы пра­виль­но пе­ре­дать чью-то речь, необ­хо­ди­мо ис­поль­зо­вать гла­гол со­об­ще­ния с пра­виль­ным зна­че­ни­ем.

Самые рас­про­стра­нен­ные гла­го­лы со­об­ще­ния – say и tell. У них оди­на­ко­вое зна­че­ние – го­во­рить; од­на­ко ис­поль­зу­ем мы их по-раз­но­му.

Say	Tell
we say something She said that she was tired.	BUT we tell someone something She told him that she was tired.
we sometimes use say to someone She said (to him) that she was tired.

 

Упраж­не­ние

Вставь­те said или told в пред­ло­же­ния.

Put said /told in the sentence.

1. She _____ me (that) she loved John.
2. They ______ (that) they were happy.
3. He ________ everybody (that) he had to leave.
4. Anne _______me (that) her brother was buying a car.
5. Alice ______ to Mike (that) he was wearing a nice suit.
6. She ______ (that) it was raining.
7. Lisa _____ me (that) she would call at 2p.m.

Пра­виль­ные от­ве­ты:

1. She told me (that) she loved John.
2. They said (that) they were happy.
3. He told everybody (that) he had to leave.
4. Anne told me (that) her brother was buying a car.
5. Alice said to Mike (that) he was wearing a nice suit.
6. She said (that) it was raining.
7. Lisa told me (that) she would call at 2 p.m.

Упраж­не­ние

Пе­ре­пи­ши­те пред­ло­же­ния в кос­вен­ной речи.

1. Dave said, “I was playing tennis from 3 to 5 p.m. yesterday.”
2. He told us, “My mother has called me today."
3. She said, “Ken doesn’t want to do this exercise.”
4. Mary told her father, “I’ll be late tonight.”
5. Jim said “I gave her this book two days ago.”

Пра­виль­ные от­ве­ты:

1. Dave said he had been playing tennis from 3 to 5p.m. the day before.
2. He told us his mother had called that day.
3. She said Ken didn’t want to do this exercise.
4. Mary told her father she would be late that night.
5. Jim said that he had given her that book two days before.

Reporting verbs

Су­ще­ству­ют еще гла­го­лы со­об­ще­ния, ко­то­рые можно ис­поль­зо­вать вме­сто say и tell.

Од­на­ко с ними нужно быть вни­ма­тель­ны­ми при пе­ре­хо­де из пря­мой речи в кос­вен­ную, так как эти гла­го­лы вли­я­ют на струк­ту­ру пред­ло­же­ния, ко­то­рое за ним сле­ду­ет.

Вот несколь­ко струк­тур.

При­ме­ча­ние

После неко­то­рых гла­го­лов можно ис­поль­зо­вать раз­ные струк­ту­ры.

Гла­гол со­об­ще­ние + (союз that) при­да­точ­ное пред­ло­же­ние

(ис­поль­зу­ем пра­ви­ло со­гла­со­ва­ния вре­мен)

Verb (that) clause. (This is the same as with the verb SAY)

She said, “I will marry you.”

She agreed that she would marry him.

John said, “I will see him on Sunday.”

John decided that he would meet him on Sunday.

The teacher said: “This is the rule of Sequence of tenses.”

The teacher explained that was the rule of Sequence of tenses.

David said, “I will take you to the station.”

David promised that he would take me to the station.

Сле­ду­ю­щая струк­ту­ра от­ли­ча­ет­ся! Здесь вам не по­на­до­бит­ся пра­ви­ло со­гла­со­ва­ния вре­мен, так как после гла­го­ла со­об­ще­ния нужно ис­поль­зо­вать ИН­ФИ­НИ­ТИВ.

При­ме­ча­ние

После неко­то­рых гла­го­лов можно ис­поль­зо­вать раз­ные струк­ту­ры.

Гла­гол со­об­ще­ние + ин­фи­ни­тив гла­го­ла из пред­ло­же­ния пря­мой речи.

Verb + to infinitive

She said, “I will marry you.”

She agreed to marry him.

John said, “I will see him on Sunday.”

John decided to see him on Sunday.

David said, “I will take you to the station.”

David promised to take me to the station.

Camilla said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”

Camilla offered to go to the cinema.

He said, “I do not want to go with you.”

He refused to go with me.

Вы по­зна­ко­ми­тесь с еще несколь­ки­ми струк­ту­ра­ми, изу­чая при­ка­зы и прось­бы в кос­вен­ной речи.

Упраж­не­ние

Пе­ре­пи­ши­те пред­ло­же­ние в кос­вен­ной речи, за­пол­няя про­пус­ки гла­го­ла­ми из таб­ли­цы.

promise decide explain agree offer refuse

1. “I promise I'll take you to Prague,” said Mary.

Mary _________ to take me to Prague.

2. “I am not going to do it,” she said.

She _______ to do it.

3. “Would you like some tea,” she said.

 She _______ to have a cup of tea.

4. Chris said, “Yes, it was a great film.”
Chris ________that the film had been great.

5. Angela said, “I will be an architect.”

Angela _____ that she would be an architect.

6. Tom said: “I am late because I missed the bus.”

Tom _______that he was late because he had missed the bus.

Пра­виль­ные от­ве­ты:

1. “I promise I'll take you to Prague,” said Mary.

 Mary promised to take me to Prague. / Mary promised that she would take me to Prague.

2. “I am not going to do it,” she said.

She refused to do it.

3. “Would you like some tea,” she said.

 She offered to have a cup of tea.

4. Chris: Yes, it was a great film.
Chris agreed that the film had been great.

5. Angela said, “I will be an architect.”

Angela decided (that) she would be an architect. / Angela decided to be an architect.

6. Tom said: “I am late because I missed the bus.”

Tom explained that he was late because he had missed the bus.

 ИСТОЧНИКИ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAKt_VvgP7s

http://interneturok.ru/ru/school/english/7-8-klassy/kosvennaya-rech/reporting-verbs-reporting-a-conversation-reported-statement?seconds=0 - здесь можно посмотреть видеоурок по теме

Файлы

Нет дополнительных материалов для этого занятия.