8 класс. Английский язык. Косвенная речь. Reported Speech
8 класс. Английский язык. Косвенная речь. Reported Speech
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Косвенная речь может быть представлена косвенными утверждениями, вопросами, приказами и просьбами.
Reported speech can be given in reported statements, reported questions, orders and requests.
На этом уроке вы познакомитесь с косвенными утверждениями. Reported statements.
Повтор правила согласования времен и изменение наречий времени
Если вы пересказываете чьи-то слова, обратите внимание на три пункта, которые, вероятнее всего, вам придется изменить:
Эти изменения происходят в соответствии с правилом согласования времен (Sequence of Tenses Rule) и логикой повествования.
- verb tense ( backshift) (глагольная форма)
- adverbs of time and place/demonstrative pronouns (наречия времени и места/указательные местоимения)
- pronouns (местоимения)
David said, “I saw her yesterday.” – David said he had seen her the day before.
They said, “We are not eating now.” – They said they were eating then.
Change in tenses (backshift)
Direct speech |
Reported speech |
Present Simple |
Past Simple |
Present Continuous |
PastContinuous |
Present Perfect |
Past Perfect |
Present Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Simple |
Past Perfect |
Past Continuous |
Past perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect |
Past Perfect |
Future Simple (will) |
Future-in-the-Past (would) |
Can She said, “I can read English books without a dictionary.” |
Could She said she could read English books without a dictionary.” |
Change in adverbs of place and time and demonstrative pronouns.
Direct speech |
Reported speech |
today |
(on) that day |
this morning/ afternoon/tonight |
that morning/ afternoon/ that night |
now |
then |
tomorrow |
the following day/ the next day |
next week/ month |
the following week/ month |
in a few days |
a few days later |
yesterday |
the day before |
last week/ month/year |
the week/ month/year before |
5 minutes/three days / a week ago |
5 minutes/ three days / a week before |
here |
there |
this |
that |
these |
those |
Say/tell
Хорошо, что в английском языке много глаголов, которые помогают передавать чьи-то слова, иначе речь звучала бы скучно: Она сказала…, он сказал….(She/he/they SAID ...)
Такие глаголы сообщения помогают точнее выразить, что человек чувствует, его точку зрения или что думает говорящий o чьих-то словах.
Чтобы правильно передать чью-то речь, необходимо использовать глагол сообщения с правильным значением.
Самые распространенные глаголы сообщения – say и tell. У них одинаковое значение – говорить; однако используем мы их по-разному.
Say |
Tell |
we say something She said that she was tired. |
BUT we tell someone something She told him that she was tired. |
we sometimes use say to someone She said (to him) that she was tired. |
|
Упражнение
Вставьте said или told в предложения.
Put said /told in the sentence.
- She _____ me (that) she loved John.
- They ______ (that) they were happy.
- He ________ everybody (that) he had to leave.
- Anne _______me (that) her brother was buying a car.
- Alice ______ to Mike (that) he was wearing a nice suit.
- She ______ (that) it was raining.
- Lisa _____ me (that) she would call at 2p.m.
Правильные ответы:
- She told me (that) she loved John.
- They said (that) they were happy.
- He told everybody (that) he had to leave.
- Anne told me (that) her brother was buying a car.
- Alice said to Mike (that) he was wearing a nice suit.
- She said (that) it was raining.
- Lisa told me (that) she would call at 2 p.m.
Упражнение
Перепишите предложения в косвенной речи.
- Dave said, “I was playing tennis from 3 to 5 p.m. yesterday.”
- He told us, “My mother has called me today."
- She said, “Ken doesn’t want to do this exercise.”
- Mary told her father, “I’ll be late tonight.”
- Jim said “I gave her this book two days ago.”
Правильные ответы:
- Dave said he had been playing tennis from 3 to 5p.m. the day before.
- He told us his mother had called that day.
- She said Ken didn’t want to do this exercise.
- Mary told her father she would be late that night.
- Jim said that he had given her that book two days before.
Reporting verbs
Существуют еще глаголы сообщения, которые можно использовать вместо say и tell.
Однако с ними нужно быть внимательными при переходе из прямой речи в косвенную, так как эти глаголы влияют на структуру предложения, которое за ним следует.
Вот несколько структур.
Примечание
После некоторых глаголов можно использовать разные структуры.
Глагол сообщение + (союз that) придаточное предложение
(используем правило согласования времен)
Verb (that) clause. (This is the same as with the verb SAY)
She said, “I will marry you.”
She agreed that she would marry him.
John said, “I will see him on Sunday.”
John decided that he would meet him on Sunday.
The teacher said: “This is the rule of Sequence of tenses.”
The teacher explained that was the rule of Sequence of tenses.
David said, “I will take you to the station.”
David promised that he would take me to the station.
Следующая структура отличается! Здесь вам не понадобится правило согласования времен, так как после глагола сообщения нужно использовать ИНФИНИТИВ.
Примечание
После некоторых глаголов можно использовать разные структуры.
Глагол сообщение + инфинитив глагола из предложения прямой речи.
Verb + to infinitive
She said, “I will marry you.”
She agreed to marry him.
John said, “I will see him on Sunday.”
John decided to see him on Sunday.
David said, “I will take you to the station.”
David promised to take me to the station.
Camilla said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
Camilla offered to go to the cinema.
He said, “I do not want to go with you.”
He refused to go with me.
Вы познакомитесь с еще несколькими структурами, изучая приказы и просьбы в косвенной речи.
Упражнение
Перепишите предложение в косвенной речи, заполняя пропуски глаголами из таблицы.
promise decide explain agree offer refuse |
1. “I promise I'll take you to Prague,” said Mary.
Mary _________ to take me to Prague.
2. “I am not going to do it,” she said.
She _______ to do it.
3. “Would you like some tea,” she said.
She _______ to have a cup of tea.
4. Chris said, “Yes, it was a great film.”
Chris ________that the film had been great.
5. Angela said, “I will be an architect.”
Angela _____ that she would be an architect.
6. Tom said: “I am late because I missed the bus.”
Tom _______that he was late because he had missed the bus.
Правильные ответы:
1. “I promise I'll take you to Prague,” said Mary.
Mary promised to take me to Prague. / Mary promised that she would take me to Prague.
2. “I am not going to do it,” she said.
She refused to do it.
3. “Would you like some tea,” she said.
She offered to have a cup of tea.
4. Chris: Yes, it was a great film.
Chris agreed that the film had been great.
5. Angela said, “I will be an architect.”
Angela decided (that) she would be an architect. / Angela decided to be an architect.
6. Tom said: “I am late because I missed the bus.”
Tom explained that he was late because he had missed the bus.
ИСТОЧНИКИ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAKt_VvgP7s
http://interneturok.ru/ru/school/english/7-8-klassy/kosvennaya-rech/reporting-verbs-reporting-a-conversation-reported-statement?seconds=0 - здесь можно посмотреть видеоурок по теме
Файлы
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