5 класс. Английский язык. Степени сравнения прилагательных
5 класс. Английский язык. Степени сравнения прилагательных
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Примеры степеней сравнения прилагательных
Do you agree that ice-cream is better than cake? Or is chocolate the best? Are buses cheaper than planes? Or is walking the cheapest?
Рис. 1. Степени сравнения в английском языке
Что такое adjective
An adjective (прилагательное) is a part of speech that describes a person, an object, a place or an animal.
Пример: tall, smart, hot, long, old, big.
A comparative adjective (сравнительная степень) compares two things.
Пример:
Ice-cream isbetterthan cakes.
Buses arecheaperthan planes.
A superlative form (превосходная степень) compares more than two things.
Пример:
Peter is thetallest in his family.
You are the smartest in your class.
Рассмотрим следующий пример: Jane is a smart girl.
Прилагательным в данном предложении является слово smart. Оно описывает человека – Jane. Для образования сравнительной степени к этому прилагательному необходимо добавить окончание -er, а для образования превосходной степени – -est.
Обратите внимание: мы используем than, когда сравниваем две вещи.
Comparative: Jane is smarterthan her sister.
Superlative: Jane is the smartest in her class.
Степени сравнения односложных прилагательных
В зависимости от количества слогов в слове сравнительная и превосходная степень прилагательных образуется двумя разными способами.
Так, односложные прилагательные образуют степени сравнения при помощи окончаний -er (длясравнительной степени) и -est (для превосходной степени).
Не забывайте про артикль the перед превосходной степенью прилагательных.
Пример:
Tall – taller – thetallest
Hard – harder – thehardest
Cold – colder – thecoldest
Обратите внимание, что в некоторых прилагательных будет удвоение последней согласной.
Пример:
Big – bigger – the biggest
Hot – hotter – the hottest
Пример:
The weather in Spain is cold – in Russia it is colder – in the Arctic it is the coldest.
This house is big – this one is bigger – and that one is the biggest.
Рис. 2. Сравнительная и превосходная степени сравнения
Степени сравнения многосложных прилагательных
Если двусложное прилагательное заканчивается на -y, то перед окончанием –er /-est эта y меняется на i.
Пример:
Happy – happier – the happiest
Jane was happier than her sister.
She was the happiest in her team.
Во всех остальных случаях правило следующее:
Для образования сравнительной степениперед прилагательным ставится слово more, а передпревосходной степенью – the most.
Рис. 3. Использование most для образования сравнительной степени
Пример:
Honest – more honest – the most honest
Difficult – more difficult – the most difficult
Russian is difficult to learn. – Arabic is more difficult. – What is the mostdifficult language to learn?
Practice
Рис. 4. Примеры степеней сравнения в английском языке
Упражнение
Read the sentences and try to complete them.
E.g. Brian lives next door to Ted and Mike. When Ted bought a big car, Brian went out and bought a biggerone! And Mike got the biggest!
- Ted decided to buy an expensive computer. So Brian had to go out and buy a ______________ computer. And Mike got the ____________! But why?
- They work in the same office. Brian works ___________ (hard) than Mike.
- Ted gets on ___________ (good) with the boss. But Mike is the ___________.
- Although they are all clever, Mike is the ___________________ (lucky)!
- And as a result he is the _______________ (happy)!
Ответ:
- more expensive; most expensive
- harder
- better, best
- luckiest
- happiest
Review table
Comparative / Superlative Adjectives |
||
One-syllable adjective Tall Old Long |
Comparative Form Taller Older Longer |
Superlative Form The tallest The oldest The longest |
· My hair is longer than your hair. · Max’s story is the longest story I’ve ever heard. |
||
One-syllable adjective with final -e Large Wise |
Comparative Form
Larger Wiser |
Superlative Form
The largest The wisest |
· Max is wiser than his brother. · Max is the wisest person I know. |
||
One-syllable adjective ending with a single consonant with a single vowel before it Big Thin Fat |
Comparative Form
Bigger Thinner Fatter |
Superlative Form
The biggest The thinnest The fattest |
· Max is thinner than John. · Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest. |
||
Two-syllable adjective Peaceful Pleasant Careful Thoughtful |
Comparative Form More peaceful More pleasant More careful More thoughtful |
Superlative Form The most peaceful The most pleasant The most careful The most thoughtful |
· This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning. · Max’s house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world. |
||
Two-syllable adjective ending with –y Happy Angry Busy |
Comparative Form
Happier Angrier Busier |
Superlative Form
The happiest The angriest The busiest |
· Mary is busier than Max. · Mary is the busiest person I’ve ever met. |
||
Two-syllable adjective ending with –er, -le, -ow Narrow Gentle |
Comparative Form
Narrower Gentler |
Superlative Form
The narrowest The gentlest |
· The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city. · This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California. |
||
Adjectives with three or more syllables Generous Important Intelligent |
Comparative Form
More generous More important More intelligent |
Superlative Form
The most generous The most important The most intelligent |
· John is more generous than Jack. · John is the most generous of all the people I know. |
||
Exceptions |
||
Irregular adjective Good Bad Far Little Many |
Comparative Form Better Worse Farther Less More |
Superlative Form The best The worst The farthest The least The most |
· My cooking is worse than my mother’s cooking. · Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.
|
Источники:
http://interneturok.ru/ru/school/english/
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKvzmxNLxMDsU1I5wMZDx8g
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-Rwh93V2Hgup-FEZdbiF2Q
http://www.youtube.com/user/wearebusybeavers
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNRerbPgCPH5VX7gq_Y5HNQ
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxBkw8BUunKMxewpMl2cIcA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=12&v=dzHA-_QGAXY
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7ZmELCaZsapFLSeAYbVuTg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qaBPthrUqs
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCagUEU8gmEjSZPk3PPAd2og
http://www.youtube.com/watch?t=16&v=uyQIbDZLyKI
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUDaVWD0L0i0KblTu5pRfXA
http://interneturok.ru/ru/school/english/5-6-klassy/unit-3/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives-prilagatelnye-stepeni-sravneniya-prilagatelnyh?seconds=0&chapter_id=2276